
firingThe kiln
The decade of the vertical shaft kiln
A note on the vertical shaft kiln era: how mini cement plants put clinker within reach of a district, what the vertical furnace could do, and why the rotary line won.
5 min
firing
the burning line: rotary and shaft kilns, clinker, refractory and fuel

firingThe kiln
A note on the vertical shaft kiln era: how mini cement plants put clinker within reach of a district, what the vertical furnace could do, and why the rotary line won.
5 min

firingThe kiln
A note on reading clinker: what nodule size, colour, weight and free lime reveal about the burning conditions that made them, and why the pile keeps a record.
5 min

firingThe kiln
The rotary kiln's shift readings, speed, torque, shell temperature, flame and feed, are themselves a diary. A note on how the burning line is actually run.
5 min

firingThe kiln
A cement kiln's refractory is its only working surface, and it wears. A note on the relining shutdown: the cooling, the masons, the bricks and the careful restart.
5 min